There are four lessons you should learn before you get involved in dividend investing.

1. There are no guarantees
Many people decided to ignore this lesson in the years before the recession hit. While collecting interest on other investments, such as CDs and bonds, is something you can count on, the same is not true of dividends. The board of directors get to decide whether or not shareholders will be entitled to cash dividends. Most companies recognize that it is in their best interest to maintain or ideally increase payouts. Continuing to pay dividends is a good sign of a company’s financial health. A financially strong company can also attract more investors, enabling them to grow.

2. Do not go after high yields
In the last few years there were many investors that got too greedy and started taking higher and higher risks to find yields that were acceptable. This was possible because interest rates and market yields were very low. However, this turned out to be a bad decision in the long run. To minimize risk, investors should avoid any yield higher than 2.5 times market average. For example, the current market average is two percent, therefore you should stay away from anything five percent or more.

3. Cash flow is king
Do not just look at a company’s earnings this year, but also look carefully at the cash going out and coming in for the last five years, at least. If you focus just on earnings, you will not have a good picture of a dividend’s sustainability. Also try to account for capital expenditures as well. The remaining amount is called the free cash flow and is what the company has available to either pay dividends or buy back shares. Also check how much the company pays out in dividends every year. The free cash flow needs to be greater than the dividends paid so the company can maintain dividend payouts.

4. Don’t put your eggs in one basket – diversify
No matter what the current financial situation may be, diversifying your portfolio will help you weather even the toughest situations. Diversification is the basic rule in your building your portfolio and this is a lesson that should learnt in your stock market basics class. The financial industry was hurt worse than others over the last few years, and even those who diversified were hurt. However, they were also less affected than people who put all their money into high yield financial stocks. Diversifying is still important even if the yields are lower.

These four tips will ensure that you have a much easier time building your portfolio. You will be able to find companies that have a sustainable dividend payout with a higher than average yield.

Never take the word of someone else as an investment tip. If someone is giving you the “inside scoop” on a particular stock, you need to make sure for yourself. There are laws against inside trading, so for an average trader or investor to have any good information, it’s highly unlikely.

Never buy all of your shares at once, you should buy into any position incrementally. Stocks rise and fall all the time so to lower your cost basis. Most likely you’ll never be able to buy at the bottom so you need to be prepared to buy more when the price falls. Typically I wait for an 8% pull back from the stock’s recent high or 5%-8% drop from my cost basis before buying any more shares.

If you’re still looking for good solid reliable information, but not sure where to go. I use Yahoo Finance as well as The Street.com. Jim Cramer has been a never-ending resource of good stock leads for me. Not only is he entertaining, but very well aware of the stock market. I listen to his “suggestions” on what stocks or sectors are looking good, but I still don’t buy into the company because he thinks it’s good. I do my own research into the company to see what he sees or doesn’t see.

Diversifying your portfolio is very important if you want to protect your you profits or minimize your losses. If you go ahead and invest of your money into one company or sector, you could lose a big portion of you portfolio in the process. As I said before, all stocks rise and fall and that also goes for complete sector at times. That is why you need to invest across the board (equities, bonds, precious metal and other commodities). Divide your investments into several different vehicles, typically no more than 20% into any one sector or stock.

Look for companies that offer dividends, larger companies are the ones to look towards. Dividends are a return of the company’s profits that are distributed among the share holders. Let’s say the company’s stock is $20 per share and they have a 10% annual dividend. Each year you would receive $2 per share (paid quarterly) for just own the stock no matter what the stock price is. So even if the company loses 5% value on the stock price, you’ve still made 5% on your investment.

In later posts, I will offer other stock tips that will also help increase you gains.

One strategy that should be followed is never investing all of you capitol into one or two companies. The typical amount of money invested in a company should not surpass 20% of your total portfolio. Keeping your portfolio diversified will help prevent major losses during any particular time. Invest your money within several different sectors (ie: commodities, equities, precious metals and bonds).

The buy and hold method is a strategy that doesn’t require too much work. Yes of course you’ll still have to do your research into the fundamentals of the company. What I don’t like about this type of investing is the fact that you are not paying attention to what is really go on with your investment. If you what to make the most out your investments, you need to be active and watch what the company as well as the overall market is doing

Shorting stocks is one of the more popular ways to play the market. The idea is that a trader believes that a certain company’s stock price is going to go down in price. A treader will go ahead and borrow share from an investor. Within a certain period of time, the trader will have to replace the shares he borrowed. The trader in turn sell the shares at the current price. When the price per share has dropped, the trader will buy shares to return to the investor. This type of trading is not for those who are just starting out in the stock market. You’ll need to get a good understanding of the stock market before you start shorting stocks.

After you’ve been trading stocks for some time you might want to look at day trading. Be careful though, many average investors have lost more money than they’ve made doing day trading. You need to be quick and alert to what is going on in the markets on a daily basis. Many day trader will trade penny stocks because of the higher percentages that can be made in a day, but you can lose just as much just as quick.

Whichever stock market trading strategy you decide to use, make sure you do your due diligence and follow the news on the companies you’re invested in.

Points- There are several different ways that this word is used throughout the markets. A point is referred to as a way to measure. In regards to a stock gaining a point, it means that the value went up one dollar. When the news says that the federal reserve lowered the interest rate by 50 basis points, that would mean that the interest rate dropped by a half of a percent (0.5%).

Long/Short- You will hear traders say that they are either long or short a stock in their portfolio. What they mean by “long” is that they are invested in the stock for the purpose of it going up in value. When they refer to being “short” a stock. They are investing in the stock expecting it to go down in value. Yes, You can make money in stocks as the price per share drops (that’s something that you will learn later).

Bonds- A bond is actually a loan with a little more complicated terminology added to help keep the average investor from getting involved without the help of a professional. When the government or a company wants to raise capital (cash) for one reason or another, they issue bonds to individuals or other entities. The interest is paid to the lender on a yearly basis (annuities). The actual principal (money borrowed) is not paid back until the end of the terms stated in the bond.

Dividends Dividends are what a company pays to their shareholders in the form of cash or more shares of the company. Companies that have grown to their maximum and have no plans to acquire other companies pay dividends. The dividends are calculated on a percentage of what each stock is worth. The payment is broken down into four payments (each quarter). There is some other factors involved with dividends that I won’t get into in this post.

Diversified Portfolio- A portfolio that only contains stock from one sector will not do as good as one that contains stocks from several sectors. Stocks rise and fall all the time, but that doesn’t mean that they all go in the same direction or by the same amount together. If you balance your portfolio correctly, you will do quite well on a regular basis.

In later posts I’ll add some other term and phrases that will help you understand the stock market better.